Common name

Scientific name

Color

Height

Bloom

Suitable Sites

Alumroot

Heuchera richardsonii

Greenish Brown

2-3'

Spring-Summer

Dry, Prairie, Open Woods, Rocky Areas

Arrow-leaved aster

Aster sagittifolius

white

2-4'

Summer-Fall

sun to part shade, moist

Bastard Toadflax

Comandra umbellata

White

6-16"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Open Fields

Bebb's sedge

Carex bebbii

1-2'

Summer

sun, wet to moist

Big Bluestem

Andropogon gerardii

4-7'

Summer

Sun, dry to moist

Black Snakeroot

Sanicula marilandica

White to Cream

1-4'

Summer

Dry, Sun to Shade, Along Forest Edges

Black-Eyed Susan

Rudbeckia hirta

Yellow

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Open Areas

Bloodroot

Sanguinaria canadensis

White

5-10"

Early Spring

Hardwood Forest

Blue Cohosh

Caulophyllum thalictroides

Greenish Yellow

1-3'

Spring

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Blue Flag Iris

Iris versicolor

Violet Blue

2-3'

Spring-Summer

Wet, Sun or Shade, Shoreline, Wetland

Blue joint grass

Calamagrostis canadensis

3-6'

Summer

Sun, wet

Blue Vervain

Verbena hastata

Deep Blue

2-6'

Summer

Wet, Shoreline, Roadsides

Blue-eyed Grass

Sisyrinchium montanum

Blue

4-20"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Meadows, Roadsides, Praries

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

White

2-4'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Open Areas

Bottle (Prairie) Gentian

Gentiana andrewsii

Blue

1-2'

Summer-Fall

Moist, Sun, Praries, Old Fields

Bottlebrush sedge

Carex hystricina

1-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Bracken Fern

Pteridium aquilinum

1-3'

Moist to Dry, Sun to Shade

Bristly sedge

Carex comosa

1-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Brown fox sedge

Carex vulpinoidea

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Wet to moist, sun

Bunchberry

Cornus canadensis

White-Red Berry

3-8"

Spring

Conifer Forests

Butterfly-Weed

Asclepias tuberosa

Orange

1-2"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Sun, Prairie, Sandy Soils

Canada Anemone

Anemone canadensis

White

1-2'

Spring-Summer

Wet Meadows, Prairies

Canada Goldenrod

Solidago canadensis

Yellow

2-5'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Open Fields and Prairies

Canada milk vetch

Astragalus canadensis

white

1-3'

Summer

Sun, moist

Canada tick trefoil

Desmodium canadense

purple

2-4'

Summer

Sun, moist, open areas

Canada Violet

Viola canadensis

White

8-16"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Cool, Shade, Hardwoods

Canada wild rye

Elymus canadensis

3-5'  

Summer

Sun, moist

Cardinal Flower

Lobelia cardinalis

Scarlet Red

2-4'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Light Shade, Along Streams and Wetlands

Columbine

Aquilegia canadensis

Red with Yellow

1-2'

Spring-Summer

Dry, Shade or Open Hardwoods

Common Blue Morning Glory

Calystegia sepium

White to Pink

3-10'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sunny Fields, Along Woodlands

Common Blue Violet

Viola soroia

Deep Blue

4-10"

Spring

Wet, Moist, Woodlands

Common Milkweed

Asclepias syriaca

Pink

2-5'

Summer

Wet or Dry, Sun or Shade, Fields

Common Sunflower

Helianthus annuus

Yellow

3-10'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Fields, Roadsides and Open Areas

Common Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

White or Pink

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Hardwoods, Fields and Prairies

Compass plant

Silphium laciniatum

yellow

4-9'

Summer

Sun, dry

Culver's Root

Veronicastrum virginicum

White

3-5'

Summer

Prairie, Meadow, Fields

Cup plant

Silphium perfoliatum

yellow

4-9

Summer

sun, wet to moist

Daisy Fleabane

Erigeron philadelphicus

Pink with Yellow

1-5'

Spring-Fall

Wet or Dry, Sun or Shade, Adaptive

Dark green bulrush

Scirpus atrovirens

3-5'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Dotted mint

Monarda punctata

white to pink

1-2' 

Summer

sun, dry

Downy Yellow Violet

Viola pubescens

Yellow

8-16"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Cool, Shade, Hardwoods

Drummond's aster

Aster drummondii

light purple

2-4'

Fall

Prairie, woodland, wet meadow, sun to part shade

Dutchman's Breeches

Dicentra cucullaria

White

4-12"

Early Spring

Hardwoods

Early Meadow Rue

Thalictrum dioicum

White to Green

1-3'

Spring

Wet, Moist, Woodlands

Early sunflower

Heliopsis helianthoides

yellow

3-5'

Summer

Sun, moist

Evening Primrose

Oenothera biennis

Yellow

2-5'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Prairies and Roadsides

False Lilly-of-the-Valley

Maianthemum canadense

White

2-6"

Spring

Shade, Hardwoods and Conifers

False Solomon's Seal

Smilacina racemosa

White-Red Berry

1-3'

Spring-Summer

Hardwoods

False Sunflower

Heliopsis helianthoides

Yellow

3-4'

Summer

Dry, Sun, Fields and Prairies

Fireweed

Epilobium angustifolium

Lavender

2-6'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Shade, Conifer and Hardwoods, Roadsides

Flat-Topped Aster

Aster umbellatus

White

1-6'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Sun, Woodland Edges, Prairies

Flowering spurge

Euphorbia corollata

white

1-3'

Summer

sun, dry, prairie

Four-O'Clock

Mirabilis nyctaginea

Purple to Pink

1-3'

Spring-Fall

Wet or Dry, Sun or Shade, Adaptive

Fowl mana grass

Glyceria striata

2-5'

Summer

Sun to part shade, wet

Fox sedge

Carex stipata

1-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Fringed brome

Bromus ciliatus

2-4'

Summer

Sun, wet

Fringed Gentian

Gentianopsis crinita

Deep Blue

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Prairies, Meadows, Streambanks

Giant Blue Hyssop

Agastache foeniculum

Light Blue

2-4'

Summer

Dry, Sun or Shade, Hardwoods, Prairies

Golden Alexanders

Zizia aurea

Yellow

1-3'

Spring

Wet, Sun, Fields, Hardwoods, and Roadsides

Grass-leaved goldenrod

Solidago graminifolia

yellow

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Sun, wet

Great Angelica

Angelica atropurpurea

Green

6-9'

Spring-Summer

Prairie, wetland, savanna, wet meadow

Great blue lobelia

Lobelia siphilitica

purple

1-2'

Summer

sun, wet

Great bulrush

Scirpus validus

3-4'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Great St. John's wort

Hypericum pyramidatum

yellow

1-3'

Summer

sun to part shade, moist

Green-Headed Coneflower

Rudbeckia laciniata

Yellow

5-8"

Summer

Wet, Sun, Fields, Prairies, Roadsides

Hairy wood mint

Blephilia hirsuta

white

1-2' 

Summer

Moist, sun to part shade

Harebell

Campanula rotundifolia

Pale Blue

6-20"

Summer

Wet, Sun, Rocky, Meadows, Praries

Heart-leaved golden aster

Zizia aptera

green

1-3'

Spring-Summer

Sun, dry

Heath aster

Aster ericoides

white

1-3'

Fall

sun to part shade, prairie, dry

Hoary Puccoon

Lithospermum canescens

Yellow

6-12"

Spring

Dry, Sun, Prairie, Rocky Soils

Hoary vervain

Verbena stricta

purple

1-3'

Summer

Sun, dry

Indian grass

Sorghastrum nutans

4-6'

Summer-Fall

Sun, dry to moist

Indian Paintbrush

Castilleja coccinea

Red to Orange

1-2'

Spring-Summer

Moist, Open Fields, Rocky Areas

Interrupted Fern

Osmunda claytoniana

3-4'

Wet Areas, Mostly Shaded

Ironweed

Vernonia fasciculata

purple

4-6'

Summer-Fall

Sun, wet

Jack-In-The-Pulpit

Arisaema triphyllum

Greenish Purple

1-3'

Spring

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Jacob's ladder

Polemonium reptans

light purple

6-12"

Spring-Summer

Moist, sun to part shade

Joe-Pye Weed

Eupatorium maculatum

Dark Pink

2-10'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Meadows, Along Roads/Streams

June grass

Koeleria cristata

1-2'

Summer

Sun, dry

Labrador Tea

Ledum groenlandicum

White

1-4'

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shade, Conifer Woods

Lady Fern

Athyrium angustum

1-3'

Wet, Mostly Shaded Areas

Large-Flowered Bellwort

Uvularia grandiflora

Pale Yellow

10-20"

Spring

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Common Name

Scientific Name

Color

Height

Bloom

Suitable Sites

Large-Flowered Trillium

Tirllium grandiflorum

White

8-18"

Spring

Rich Moist Woodlands

Large-leaved Aster

Aster macrophyllus

Pale Blue

1-5'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods

Leadplant

Amorpha canescens

purple

1-4'

Summer

Sun, dry

Little bluestem

Andropogon scoparius

2-5'

Summer-Fall

Sun, dry

Maidenhair Fern

Adiantum pedatum

1-2'

Wet, Shaded Areas

Marsh blazing star

Liatris spicata

pink

3-4'

Summer-Fall

sun, wet

Marsh Marigold

Caltha palustris

Yellow

1-2'

Spring

Wet, Sun, Along Ponds, Streams and Lakes

Miterwort

Mitella diphylla

White

8-18"

Spring-Summer

Moist Woods

Mountain mint

Pycnanthemum virginianum

white

2-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Narrow-Leaved Bluets

Hedyotis longifolia

White to Pink

5-10"

Spring-Summer

Prairies

New England aster

Aster novae-angliae

pink to purple

4-5'

Summer-Fall

sun, wet to moist

Nodding Trillium

Trillium cernuum

White

6-24"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Northern Beadstraw

Galium boreale

White

10-36"

Summer

Dry, Sun, Prairies, Along Roads and Fields

Obedient plant

Physostegia virginiana

deep pink-purple

2-3

Summer

Sun, moist

Old-field goldenrod

Solidago nemoralis

yellow

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Sun, dry

Ostrich Fern

Matteuccia struthiopteris

2-4'

Wet, Shaded Areas

Panicled aster

Aster simplex

white

3-4'

Fall

Sun, wet  

Pearly Everlasting

Anaphalis margaritacea

White

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Along Roads and Fields

Pink Lady's Slipper

Cypripedium acaule

Pink

6-15"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Shade, Conifer Woods

Pipsisewa

Chimaphila umbellata

Pink to White

6-12"

Summer

Dry, Shade, Conifer Woods

Prairie (Wood) Lily

Lilium philadelphicum

Orange

2-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Prairie, Hardwoods an Conifers

Prairie Blazing Star

Liatris pycnostachya

Purple

2-5'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Sandy Soils, Moist Prairie Areas

Prairie brome

Bromus kalmii

1-3'

Summer

Sun, dry to moist

Prairie cinquefoil

Potentilla arguta

white-yellow

1-2'

Summer

Sun, dry

Prairie cord grass

Spartina pectinata

4-6'

Summer-Fall

Sun, wet

Prairie coreopsis

Coreopsis palmata

yellow

1-2'

Summer

Sun to shade, dry to moist

Prairie sage

Artemisia ludoviciana

Brown

2-3'

Summer-Fall

Prairie, savanna

Prairie sedge

Carex bricknellii

1-2'

Summer

Sun, moist

Prairie smoke

Geum triflorum

Pink

12-16"

Spring 

sun, dry, prairie

Prairie Wild Onion

Allium stellatum

Pink

1-2'

Summer

Moist to Dry, Sun to Shade

Purple Coneflower

Echinacea purpurea

Purple to Blue

2-3'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Prairies, Roadsides

Purple Hyssop

Agastache scrophulariaefolia

Purple

3-6'

Summer

Savanna, woodland

Purple meadow rue

Thalictrum dasycarpum

white

3-6'

Summer

Sun, wet

Purple Prairie Clover

Dalea purpurea

Purple

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Prairies

Rattlesnake grass

Glyceria canadensis

1-3'

Summer

Sun, wet

Rattlesnake master

Erygium yuccifolium

white

3-4'

Summer

Sun, moist, sandy soils

Rattlesnake Root

Prenanthes alba

White to Purplish

2-5'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Reed mana grass

Glyceria grandis

3-5'

Summer

Sun, wet

River bank wild rye

Elymus riparius

3-5'

Summer

Sun to part shade, wet  

Rose Twisted-Stalk

Streptopus roseus

Pink-Red Berry

1-3'

Spring-Summer

Moist Hardwoods

Rosin weed

Silphium integrifolium

yellow

4-6'

Summer-Fall

Sun, dry to moist

Rough Blazing Star

Liatris aspera

Purple

16-48"

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Sandy Soils, Prairies

Round-lobed Hepatica

Hepatica americana

Blue, White

4-6"

Spring

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods

Sand coreopsis

Coreopsis lanceolata

yellow

1-3'

Spring-Summer

Sun, Dry sandy soil

Sensitive Fern

Onoclea sensibilis

1-2'

Wet Areas, Sun to Shade

Sessile bellwort

Uvularia sessilifolia

Pale Yellow

6-12"

Spring

Hardwoods

Sharp-lobed Hepatica

Hepatica acutiloba

Blue to White

4-6"

Spring

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods

Showy Lady's Slipper

Cypripedium reginae

White and Pink

1-3'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Moist Woods, Swamp Edges

Side-oats grama

Bouteloua curtipendula

2-3'

Summer

Sun, dry

Sky-blue aster

Aster azureus

pink

1-3'

Fall

Prairie

Smooth blue aster

Aster laevis

purple to blue

2-4'

Fall

sun, dry, prairie

Smooth penstemon

Penstemon digitalis

white

1-3'

Summer

Sun to part shade, wet to moist

Smooth Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum biflorum

Blue-Black Berry

1-3'

Spring

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods

Sneezeweed

Helinium autumnale

yellow

3-5'

Summer

sun, wet

Spiderwort

Tradescantia occidentalis

Violet Blue

10-24"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Sun, Meadows, Praries

Spring Beauty

Claytonia virginica

Pink

6-10"

Spring

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods

Star Flower

Trientalis borealis

White

4-8"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shade, Conifer andHardwoods

Stiff Goldenrod

Solidago rigida

Yellow

1-5'

Summer-Fall

Dry, Sun, Fields, Roadsides, Prairies

Swamp Buttercup

Ranunculus hispidus

Yellow

1-3'

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods, Along Streams

Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata

Rosy Red

1-4'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Swamps, Stream or Meadow Edges

Sweet grass

Hierochloe odorata

1-2'

Spring-Summer

Sun, wet

Sweet Joe-Pye Weed

Eupatorium purpureum

Pale Pink

2-7'

Summer

Dry, Thickets, Open Woods

Switch grass

Panicum virgatum

4-6'

Summer-Fall

Sun, dry to moist

Tall Meadow Rue

Thalictrum dasycarpum

White

2-8'

Summer

Wet, Shade, Wetlands, Along Streams

Thimbleweed

Anemone virginiana

White

2-3'

Summer

Dry, Sun, Open Woods and Rocky Areas

Turk's-Cap Lilly

Lilium superbum

Yellow to Orange

3-7'

Summer

Wet, Sun, Moist Woods and Roadsides

Turtlehead

Chelone glabra

White

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Wet, Sun, Moist Areas along Streams and Wetlands

Twinflower

Linnaea borealis

Pink

3-6"

Summer

Conifer Woods, Bogs, Rocky Areas

Virginia Waterleaf

Hydrophyllum virginianum

Blue to White

1-2'

Spring

Moist Hardwoods

Virginia wild rye

Elymus virginicus

3-5

Summer

Sun, moist

Virgin's Bower

Clematis virginia

White

6-10'

Summer

Shade Along Woodland Edges

Water horehound

Lycopus americanus

white

1-2'

Summer

sun, wet

Western sunflower

Helianthus occidentalis

yellow

2-3'

Summer

sun, dry, prairie

White prairie clover

Petalostemum candidum

white

1-2'

Summer

Sun, dry

White Trout Lily

Erythronium albidum

White

5-10"

Spring

Dry, Hardwoods

Whorled Milkweed

Asclepias verticillata

White

6-15"

Summer

Dry, Sun, Prairies, Nutrient Poor Rocky Soils

Wild Bergamot

Monarda fistulosa

Lavender

2-4'

Summer

Dry, Sun, Fields, Roadsides, Prairies

Wild Blue Phlox

Phlox divaricata

Pale Blue

10-20"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shaded, Hardwoods

Wild Geranium

Geranium maculatum

Lavender

1-2'

Spring

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods, Meadows

Wild Ginger

Asarum canadense

Brownish Red

6-12"

Spring

Moist, Shade, Hardwoods

Wild golden glow

Rudbeckia laciniata

yellow

5-8'

Summer-Fall

Sun to part shade, wet to moist

Wild Leek

Allium tricoccum

White

6-12"

Summer

Moist, Mostly Shaded Areas

Common Name

Scientific Name

Color

Height

Bloom

Suitable Sites

Wild Lupine

Lupinus perennis

Blue

1-3'

Late Spring-Early Summer

Dry, Sandy Soils, Sunny Open Areas

Wild Sarsaparilla

Aralia nudicaulis

White

1-2'

Spring-Summer

Dry, Shade, Hardwoods and Conifers

Wild Strawberry

Fragaria virginia

White-Red Fruit

3-6"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Sun, Edges of Woods

Wintergreen

Gaultheria procumben

White-Red Berry

2-6"

Spring-Summer

Dry, Shade, Conifer Woods

Wood Anemone

Anemone quinquefolia

White

4-8"

Early Spring

Dry, Shade, Open Areas and Edges of Hardwoods

Wood Fern

Dryopteris carthusiana

1-2'

Wet, Shaded Areas

Wood reed grass

Cinna arundinacea

3-5'

Summer

sun, wet to moist

Woodland sedge

Carex sprengelii

6-12"

Spring-Summer

Moist, Sun to shade

Woodland Sunflower

Helianthus spp.

Yellow

3-7'

Summer-Fall

Shade, Edges and Open Areas of Hardwoods

Wool grass

Scirpus cyperinus

3-5'

Summer

Wet, Sun

Yellow coneflower

Ratibida pinnata

yellow

4-5'

Summer

sun, moist

Yellow Lady's Slipper

Cypripedium calceolus

Yellow

4-24"

Spring-Summer

Wet, Shade, Hardwoods, Along Swamps and Bogs

Yellow or Closed Gentian

Gentiana flavida

White to Yellow

1-2'

Fall

Dry, Sun, Prairies, Old Fields

Yellow Trout Lily

Erythronium americanum

Yellow

5-10"

Spring

Dry, Hardwoods

Zig-zag goldenrod

Solidago flexicaulis

yellow

1-3'

Summer-Fall

Sun to shade, moist

TREES and SHRUBS

American Mountain Ash

Sorbus americana

Deciduous

15-30'

Cool, Moist and Shaded Sites

American Plum

Prunus americana

Deciduous

10-15'

Moist, Sunny Areas along Woodlands or Fields

Balsam Fir

Abies balsamea

Conifer

50-75'

Moist Soils, Shaded Forests

Balsam Poplar

Populus balsamifera

Conifer

50-70'

Moist Soils, Sunny Locations in Valleys

Basswood

Tilia americana

Deciduous

40-70'

Moist Soils, Shade Tolerant and Fast Growing

Big-Tooth Aspen

Populus tremuloides

Deciduous

40-70'

Wet or Dry Locations with Sandy to Rocky Soils

Black Cherry

Prunus sertonia

Deciduous

50-75'

Wide Variety of Soils, Often Mixed with Hardwoods

Black Spruce

Picea mariana

Conifer

25-50'

Wet or Poorly Drained Soils, Often near Tamarack

Canada Plum

Prunus nigra

Deciduous

15-20'

Rich, Moist Soils, Especially in River Valleys

Chokecherry

Prunus virginiana

Deciduous

15-35'

Wide Variety of Soils, Often along Woodlands

Downy Serviceberry

Amelanchier arborea

Deciduous

10-20'

Dry, Sunny Areas, Along Forest Edges

Eastern Hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

Conifer

40-60'

Wet, Shaded and Cool Sites

Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis

Deciduous

40-60'

Wide Variety of Soils, Fruit is Favorite of Birds

Ironwood

Ostrya virginiana

Deciduous

20-40'

Dry Soils, Shade Tolerant, Forest Understory

Jack Pine

Pinus banksiana

Conifer

30-60'

Dry, Sandy or Rocky Soils, Sun

Muscle Wood

Carpinus caroliniana

Deciduous

15-25'

Rich, Moist Soils

Nannyberry

Viburnum lentago

Deciduous

10-20'

Wide Variety of Soils, Along Forest Edges

Pagoda Dogwood

Cornus alternifolia

Deciduous

25-35'

Well-Drained Soils, Shaded Forest Edges

Paper Birch

Betula papyrifera

Deciduous

40-60'

Moist Upland Locations

Pin Cherry

Prunus pensylvanica

Deciduous

10-30'

Dry Soils, Open Fields or Woodlands

Pussy Willow

Salix discolor

Deciduous

10-20'

Wet Areas along Shores and Wetlands

Red Maple

Acer rubrum

Deciduous

40-60'

Wet to Moist Soils, Especially along Swamps

Red Oak

Quercus rubra

Deciduous

50-70'

Moist or Dry Soils

Red Pine

Pinus resinosa

Conifer

40-80'

Dry, Sandy Soils with Sun

Roundleaf Serviceberry

Amelanchier sanguinea

Deciduous

10-20'

Wide Variety of Soils, Sunny Locations along Fields

Speckled Alder

Alnus rugosa

Deciduous

15-25'

Wet Soils along Lakes, Rivers and Marshes

Sugar Maple

Acer saccharum

Deciduous

50-70'

Rich, Moist Soils

Tamarack

Larix Laricina

Conifer

40-70'

Wet Soils and Occasionally Upland, Drops needles

White Cedar

Thuja occidentalis

Conifer

40-60'

Moist or Wet Soils

White Oak

Quercus alba

Deciduous

50-75'

Variety of Soils, Important Wildlife Food Source

White Pine

Pinus strobus

Conifer

70-100'

Wide Variety of Soils in Upland Sites

White Spruce

Picea glauca

Conifer

40-60'

Variety of Soils, Often along Lakes and Streams

Yellow Birch

Betula alleghaniensis

Deciduous

50-70'

Rich, Moist to Wet Locations